Orthopedic brace for animals

ABSTRACT

Orthopedic braces and splints for use on a limb of an animal, that provide stability for unstable joints and limbs for short or long term support and function. These orthoses are designed to prevent the occurrence of or reduce the severity of, a joint injury. These braces and splints can also be fitted immediately after corrective surgery, and can support and stabilize the joint while assisting or restricting the range of motion. Various embodiments of the orthoses are modular, thermoformable and may include an adjustable tensioning system, which in combination provide a custom fit for a wide variety of animals and injuries.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/678,426, filed Aug. 1, 2012, entitled “ORTHOPEDIC BRACE FOR ANIMALS”.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a custom fit orthosis. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to heat formable orthosesfor animals to treat a variety of injuries.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Animals commonly suffer joint injuries of the limbs. These injuriesfrequently require surgery and/or use of orthoses such as braces orsplints to support and stabilize the joint. Braces and splints provideimmobilization of the limb, by resisting flexion and extension of thejoint, and also provide stabilization by maintaining proper alignment ofthe joint in relation to the rest of the limb while providing support tothe joint.

Braces and splints are used to provide support and stabilization to ananimal's fore and/or rear limbs due to injury or surgery. A common jointinjury seen in animals, often requiring the use of a brace or splint, isa torn ligament, particularly of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL).The CCL is located in the knee or stifle joint of an animal's rear legand, in canines, a CCL injury is the most common torn ligament injury.It is estimated that, per year, 1.2 million dogs undergo surgery torepair the CCL at a cost of approximately $1.3 billion. It is furtherestimated that of the 73 million dogs in the United States, 37% of largebreed dogs and 45% of small breed dogs rupture their CCL.

Various types of animal orthoses are currently available and run thegamut from completely immobilizing the limb to allowing limited limbmobility. Braces and splints that immobilize the limb are generally onecontinuous structure and are universally sized to fit animals within acertain size range. The universal devices are generally not modified tofit an individual animal or can only be slightly modified and aregenerally inexpensive.

Braces that allow a fuller range of motion are more expensive andgenerally consist of two or more pieces that are joined to form a hingeor joined by a hinge. Hinged braces can be universally sized or arecustom made and fitted. Hinged braces are generally bulky, cumbersome,and heavy. The upper portion is generally constructed of a flexibleplastic or rubber material that partially surrounds the upper limb andis held in place with at least one band of VELCRO or straps. The bottomportion is normally connected to the upper portion with a hingemechanism. The bottom portion is held to the lower limb using at leastone VELCRO band or straps. In addition, the hinged braces can havestabilizing bars formed into the brace.

A common problem with the universal braces and splints, whether hingedor the one-piece construction, is that the brace or splint is notproperly fitted resulting in either too much compression of the limb ortoo much float within the brace or splint. Another common problem isthat the lineal proportions can also be out of scale in comparison tothe animals limb so that the brace or splint is either too long or tooshort.

Custom made and fitted braces and splints normally require casting,molding, and fitting activities over a period of weeks requiringmultiple trips to the veterinarian. One example of a custom fitted braceis manufactured by Ace Ortho Solutions. This jointed brace is customfitted using a casting, molding, and fitting process which can take atleast two weeks. A casting is made, by a veterinarian, of the animalslimb and is mailed to an off-site laboratory. The brace is shaped fromco-polymer plastic based on the casting of the animals limb and shippedback to the veterinarian. A separate unattached piece of neoprene isprovided with the brace that the veterinarian must correctly trim forproper fitting. The neoprene is then tightly wrapped around the limb.The brace is placed over the neoprene with the idea that the neopreneprevents the brace from slipping. Strips of VELCRO are then tightlysecured around the brace to compress the brace and hold it securely tothe animals limb.

While custom made braces and splints address some of the fit problemspresented by universal braces and splints, the delay between casting andfitting results in a period of time in which the animal can furtherinjure itself or requires the added expense and inconvenience oftemporary use of an alternate brace.

Another problem with existing animal limb braces and splints is thepropensity for the brace or splint to slip or move. Various efforts havebeen made to solve this problem. Some braces and splints come equippedwith an elaborate harness system. Others brace or splint beyond theaffected area in an attempt to use other areas of the limb or body tohold the brace in place. Some use a “non-slip” material between theanimals limb and the brace or splint. Some just accept the slippage as amatter of course.

Another problem with existing animal limb braces and splints is that thedevices are normally made or designed to treat or support only one jointor one localized limb area when the entirety of the limb may needtreatment or support. This then results in using various braces and/orsplints that were not designed to be used in conjunction with each otherand the treatment or support can be ineffective.

Another problem with existing animal limb braces and splints is theinternal portion of the brace or splint that is adjacent the leg becomesdirty and riddled with bacteria thus presenting hygienic issues and insome instances, providing a vehicle for the introduction of infection toan incision area. Additionally, if the padding is not fitted correctly,the circulation of the limb is affected severely damaging the limb orpaw.

Generally, existing animal limb braces and splints utilize strips ofVELCRO or straps as the tightening and/or attachment method. This allowsthe brace or splint to be adjusted by pulling the VELCRO strap tighteror loosening it. However, a problem with this method is that it providescompression of the brace or splint only at the VELCRO/strap locationsand causes a pressure point where the VELCRO strip/strap contacts theanimals limb, resulting in inconsistent, uneven or undue pressure.

While significant advances have been made for human knee braces, itwould not be suitable to modify a human knee brace to fit the stiflejoint of an animal. The biomechanical forces of a human knee are muchdifferent than those of an animal. For example, the stance of the canineknee is different than the stance of the human knee. Humans standupright, with their femur directly on top of their tibia, having a jointangle of 180°. Dogs stand with an angle of 135°. Thus, every time that adog stands, the bone alignment is dependent upon an intact CCL to holdthe bones in place in the stifle (knee) joint. Additionally, the actualstructural dimensions of animal limbs vary significantly from that ofhumans. For example, the cross section of the upper thigh area of ahuman leg is substantially round while the cross section of the upperthigh area of a canine's rear leg is substantially oval. Thus, theforces acting on the leg from the contact points of the brace can bequite different.

There is also an overall variability in animal scale size among varyinganimal species and breeds that is significantly greater in animals thanin humans. Thus, there is a greater variability in the circumference andlength of animal limbs versus human legs.

In view of the shortcomings of known animal limb braces and splints,there is a demand for an orthopedic animal brace or splint which issimple to employ but capable of exerting distributed compression forcesagainst the animal to effectively treat and stabilize the weakened limb,is customizable in size, and provides sufficient anatomical supportcapable of servicing a wide variety of anatomical contours and treatmentlevels.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Disclosed herein are various embodiments of orthoses for use on a limbof an animal that provide stability for unstable joints and limbs forshort or long term support and function. These devices are designed toprevent the occurrence of, or reduce the severity of, a joint injury.These devices may be custom molded and fitted immediately aftercorrective surgery, or during a single visit to a veterinarian office,and can support and stabilize the joint while assisting or restrictingthe range of motion. In various embodiments, these devices areconfigured to be fully modular with components that are replaceable aswell as individually customizable so as to treat a wide range ofinjuries. In various embodiments, these devices may be modular inconfiguration such that from one to all components can be used,customized or replaced as needed.

Various embodiments described herein include a rigid customizable bracethat can be thermoformed to fit any part of a limb of an animal. Eachthermoformed brace component may be linearly and/or circumferentiallyadjustable, lightweight, removable, reusable and waterproof. In variousembodiments, the brace may include one or more modular brace componentsthat each may be provided in different sizes with each brace memberbeing replaceable and/or customizable. In various embodiments, multiplebrace components can be interconnected using a hinge mechanism which canbe locked, or set in one position, or have range of motion as desired.In various embodiments, a fastening/tightening system provides forconsistent, even pressure forces along the limb. Some embodimentsutilize a laced cord tightening system that provides for uniformtensioning at multiple points along the linear length of a bracecomponent. Some embodiments of the fastening/tightening system mayinclude the feature of a partly or fully detachable closure system whichprovides consistent, even pressure across and/or along a limb, and whichcan be coupled to the brace component as desired for a custom fit.

In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a brace having asingle brace portion. Such a brace may be suitable to treat metatarsalinjuries on the hind limb of an animal, or to treat metacarpal injurieson the front limb of an animal.

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises a braceconfigured with two separate individual brace portions, each portionconnected by a rigid and/or hinged structure, as desired. Such a bracemay be suitable to treat an Achilles injury on the hind limb of ananimal, or to treat an elbow injury (subluxation) on the front limb ofan animal.

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises a braceconfigured with three separate individual brace portions, each portionconnected by a rigid and/or hinged structure, as necessary. Such a bracemay be suitable to treat cranial cruciate ligament injuries on the hindlimb of an animal.

Various embodiments described herein may also include a paw cover thatcan be formed to fit the paw of an animal and is able to be incorporatedinto, or coupled with, the brace or splint.

According to various embodiments, the present invention may be suitablefor short-term stabilization of a limb of an animal. According tovarious embodiments, the present invention may be suitable for long-termstabilization of a limb of an animal. According to various embodiments,the present invention may be suitable for prophylactic usage prior tosurgery to prevent further injury. According to various embodiments, thepresent invention may be suitable for immediate immobilization and/orstabilization of a limb after surgery. According to various embodiments,the present invention may be suitable for usage during rehabilitation,including rehabilitative exercises in water.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of thefollowing detailed description of various embodiments of the inventionin connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a side view of the animal orthopedic brace designed for thestifle joint of a canine.

FIG. 2 is a front or anterior view of the animal orthopedic bracedesigned for the stifle joint of a canine.

FIG. 2a is a cross sectional view of the replaceable open cell foamprovided for the inner surface of the brace components.

FIG. 2b is a front or anterior view of the animal orthopedic braceincorporating a sub-hock component and a body closure system.

FIG. 2c is a side view of an alternate embodiment of the brace of FIG. 2b.

FIG. 2d is a front view of the brace of FIG. 2 c.

FIG. 3a is a top view of a brace stabilization bar system and hingewhere the individual openings are spaced longitudinally along thestabilization bars.

FIG. 3b is a side view which shows the elevation of a flat stabilizationbar and hinge system.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of a cover over the mechanical reel.

FIG. 5 is a front view of the animal orthopedic brace designed for thestifle joint of a canine incorporating a closure system in the openposition.

FIG. 6 is a front view of the animal orthopedic brace designed for thestifle joint of a canine incorporating a closure system in the closedposition.

FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the closure system for an animal orthopedicbrace.

FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of the animal orthopedic braceincorporating a closure system in the closed position.

FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view of the animal orthopedic braceincorporating a closure system in the open position.

FIG. 10 is a front view of the animal orthopedic dual-valve splinthaving a first splint component and a second splint component.

FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of the animal orthopedic dual-valvesplint incorporating a first splint component and a second splintcomponent.

FIG. 12 is a top plan view of an embodiment of the tensioning systemusing a mechanical reel and a plurality of hook and loop wings.

FIG. 13 is a front view of the semi-customizable animal orthopedicsplint type brace having a first splint component and an attachedclosure system.

FIG. 14 is a cross sectional view of the animal orthopedic splint typebrace incorporating a first splint component and a second splintcomponent.

FIG. 15 is a front view of the semi-customizable animal orthopedicsplint type brace having a first splint component and a second splintcomponent, the second splint component provided with lacing guides.

FIG. 16 is a front view of a paw cover.

FIG. 17 is a rear view of a paw cover.

FIG. 18 is a top view of a basic splint.

While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternativeforms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in thedrawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood,however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to theparticular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is tocover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling withinthe spirit and scope of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following detailed description should be read with reference to thedrawings in which similar elements in different drawings are numberedthe same. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depictillustrative embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of theinvention.

Embodiments of the present invention include various arrangements oforthopedic braces and splints for supporting or immobilizing one or morelimbs of an animal. The braces and splints may be configured to treatinjuries on a front limb or on a rear limb,

FIGS. 1 and 2 depict an embodiment of an animal orthopedic braceconfigured to support and stabilize the stifle joint of a canine.Components of the brace 100 include a customizable femur component 102,a customizable tibia component 104, an upper stabilization bar 106, alower stabilization bar 108, a hinge 110, lower adjustment screws 112,upper adjustment screws 114, and a closure system 116.

FIG. 2b depicts another embodiment of an animal orthopedic braceconfigured to support and stabilize the stifle joint in conjunction withsupporting and stabilizing the hock of a canine. Components of the brace101 include the same features as the brace depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 butadditionally feature a semi-customizable hock component 103, a secondaryupper stabilization bar 107, a secondary lower stabilization bar 109, asecondary hinge 111, secondary lower adjustment screws 117, secondaryupper adjustment screws 115, and a closure system 116. The brace 101 canalso feature an optional paw cover 200.

It is contemplated that the brace 100, 101 is fully modular and eachcomponent listed above is swappable/replaceable so that various sizesand configurations can be adjoined to properly size the orthosis to thelimb of the animal. For example, a reduction in the swelling of theupper thigh could result in improper compression of the femur component102. Thus, the femur component 102 can be replaced with a femurcomponent 102 of a different size while retaining all other componentsincluding the tibia component 104, the upper stabilization bar 106, thelower stabilization bar 108, the hinge 110, the lower adjustment screws112, the upper adjustment screws 114, and the closure system 116.Another example would be of a long-legged animal where the upper andlower stabilization bars 106, 108 can be swapped with bars of adifferent length to be length appropriate. Another example is a damagedcomponent that will not function as designed, e.g. a closure system 116that has been chewed by the animal. The component, in this case theclosure system 116, is easily removed and replaced with a fullyfunctional component while retaining all of the other originalcomponents.

According to various embodiments, the braces described herein areconfigured to be modular, such that femur component 102 may be usedindividually, or may alternately be configured to be used in conjunctionwith a tibia component 104 with the use of stabilization bars 106, 108.

One advantage of a fully modular system is that the entire brace 100,101 is not required to be replaced resulting in a cost savings to theowner of the animal. Another advantage is that all components can besized and properly fitted to the needs of the animal whereas currentbracing systems that do not provide modularity may fit one area of alimb properly while allowing another area to float. Another advantage isthat where the entirety of the limb may need treatment or support, thebrace 100, 101 is specifically made and designed to treat or support theentire limb thus providing effective treatment and support.

The brace 100, 101 can be applied as a prophylactic device to prevent orreduce the severity of a joint injury, as a rehabilitative device tosupport and stabilize a joint while assisting or restricting range ormotion, or as a functional device to provide stability for chronicallyunstable joints and limbs for long term support and function. Thecustomized formation of the femur component 102, the tibia component 104and the hock component 103 along with the proper placement of thestabilization bars 106, 107, 108, 109 provide stabilization in which thebrace 100, 101 maintains proper alignment of the joints in relation tothe rest of the limb while providing support to the joints so that thebiomechanical forces of the animal joint are as natural as possible.

The customizable femur component 102 and the customizable tibiacomponent 104 are made of a lightweight composite material including atleast one layer of thermoformable material, and are designed tosubstantially encompass the circumference of the limb. In oneembodiment, the composite material is of the type described in U.S.Published Patent Application No. 2012/01011417 to Joseph, or in U.S.Pat. No. 8,303,527 to Joseph, the disclosures of which are herebyincorporated by reference in their entireties. As described therein, thecomposite material generally includes an inner foam layer for comfort, amiddle thermoformable polymer material, and an outer layer of durablefabric. In some embodiments, the thermoformable polymer material may bethermoformable within a target temperature range of 150-320 degreesFahrenheit, or within a target temperature range of 160-240 degreesFahrenheit, or within a target temperature range of 180-225 degreesFahrenheit. In some embodiments, the thermoformable polymer material issubstantially rigid at temperatures below a minimum formable temperatureof about 150 degrees Fahrenheit, or below about 140 degrees Fahrenheit,or below about 130 degrees Fahrenheit. In some embodiments, thethermoformable polymer material may have a dwell time of about three toten minutes, or of about five to eight minutes. In some embodiments, theouter layer can be manufactured of an unbroken loop fabric whichcomplements the hook fabric in a hook and loop type fastener. In anotherembodiment, components 102, 104 are constructed of a material such asdescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/836,660 to Joseph,filed Mar. 15, 2013 and titled “Foam Core Sandwich Splint,” thedisclosure of which is incorporated by reference.

In alternate embodiments, the inner surface 181 of the brace componentis comprised of an unbroken loop fabric 182 and does not include anincorporated inner foam layer (as noted above) but can instead beprovided with a separate open cell foam sheet 184, as illustrated inFIG. 2a . One side of the open cell foam sheet is provided with the hookportion 186 of a hook and loop material, the hook portion 186complementing the unbroken loop fabric 182 covering the inner surface ofthe component. Thus, the open cell foam sheet 184 is adherently attachedto the inner surface of the component and can be easily removed andreplaced. The open cell foam sheet 184 can be provided with ananti-microbial treatment to reduce the chance of bacterial infections.One advantage of the replaceable open cell foam sheet 184 is that thefoam layer can be replaced without the need to replace the entirecomponent resulting in cost savings and extending the life of thecomponent. The open cell foam also has the advantage of being providedin different thicknesses, and also in varying thicknesses of the samesheet, thus providing varying levels of cushioning or breathability asneeded. It should be noted that this embodiment is equally adaptable andable to be incorporated in all embodiments as described below in thisdetailed description.

The femur component 102 and tibia component 104 can be provided to aveterinarian as part of a kit that includes substantially flat (planar)sheets of shaped material or somewhat pre-formed into a general u-shape.The veterinarian heats the components 102, 104, generally using a dryheat source, making the material malleable and able to be custom shaped,in the veterinarian's office, to the animals limb. Heating can beaccomplished using, for example, ovens, convection ovens, radiant lampheat sources, infrared heaters, microwave ovens, self heating pouches,internal heating system built into the material, or exothermic heatingsource. In addition, wet heat can be used, for example, immersion of thematerial into hot water.

While the material is hot and malleable, the veterinarian places thematerial on the appropriate area of the animal's limb and forms thematerial around the limb to obtain a precise custom fit. As the materialcools, the material becomes rigid and retains the shape of the limb. Anadvantage of using this lightweight composite material is that thecomponents 102, 104 can be molded and custom fitted in theveterinarian's office without the need to make a casting or send thecomponents 102, 104 to an outside laboratory. Another advantage is thatdue to the dry heating methods the brace can be applied immediatelyafter surgery versus a cast or other brace that may require wetting inorder to form it thus introducing moisture to the incision area.

In one embodiment, the femur component 102 is molded to the upper thigharea of a canine's hind leg. The veterinarian chooses the material basedon the size of the animal so that the material, when formed, fitssubstantially around the circumference of the upper thigh leaving alongitudinal opening 128 at the front or anterior of the leg. Thus, whenformed, the femur component 102 forms a substantially u-shaped channel130, as shown in FIG. 2, where the ends 132 of the u-shaped channel 130do not touch. The opening 128 allows for easy placement and removal ofthe femur component 102 since the ends 132 of the u-shaped channel 130,though rigid, can be easily spread apart in order to place the canine'supper thigh into the u-shaped channel 130 between the ends 132 of theu-shaped channel 130. In an alternate embodiment, the component 102 canbe formed such that the longitudinal opening 128 can be located at theposterior or rear of the leg.

In another embodiment, the femur component 102 is molded so that theends 132 of the u-shaped channel 130 overlap when formed to the canine'supper thigh.

The tibia component 104 is molded to the lower thigh area of thecanine's hind leg. The veterinarian chooses the material based on thesize of the animal so that the material, when formed, fits substantiallyaround the circumference of the lower thigh leaving a longitudinalopening 134 at the front or anterior of the leg. Thus, when formed, thetibia component 104 forms a substantially u-shaped channel 136, as shownin FIG. 2, where the ends 138 of the u-shaped channel 136 do not touch.The opening 134 allows for easy placement and removal of the tibiacomponent 104 since the ends 138 of the u-shaped channel 136, thoughrigid, can be easily spread apart in order to place the canine's lowerthigh into the u-shaped channel 136 between the ends 138 of the u-shapedchannel 136. In an alternate embodiment, the component 104 can be formedsuch that the longitudinal opening 134 can be located at the posterioror rear of the leg.

In another embodiment, the tibia component 104 is molded so that theends 138 of the u-shaped channel 136 overlap when formed to the canine'slower thigh.

While the above was described in relation to the stifle joint of acanine, it is understood that the process is applicable to the forelimbor rear limb of any animal. It is also contemplated that the femurcomponent 102 and the tibia component 104 can be used in conjunctionwith each other or alone.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an external frame provides connectivitybetween the femur component 102 and the tibia component 104. Theexternal frame has an upper stabilization bar 106 attached to the femurcomponent 102 and a lower stabilization bar 108 attached to the tibiacomponent 104. The stabilization bars 106, 108 can be designed to belinearly adjustable in relation to the femur component 102 and the tibiacomponent 104. That is, the linear adjustment is in the longitudinaldirection of the limbs. Alternatively, the stabilization bars 106, 108can be designed to be non-adjustable in relation to the femur component102 and the tibia component 104. Attachment of the stabilization bars106, 108 to the components 102, 104 can be made as shown in theembodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 with the use of adjustment screws 112, 114and threaded receivers that are molded into, combined with, or otherwiseengaged with the lightweight composite material. Separate receivers maybe provided for each of screws 112, 114, or a single receiver may beprovided to receive both of screws 112, 114. Other embodimentscontemplate other methods of attaching the stabilization bars 106, 108to the components 102, 104 including other known fasteners such as nuts,bolts, rivets, pins, retaining rings, clips, etc. Other embodimentscontemplate that attachment of the stabilization bar 106, 108 to thelightweight composite material of the femur component 102 or tibiacomponent 104 can be made by the use of crimping, gluing, soldering,cementing, adhesives, etc. or incorporation of the stabilization bar106, 108 into the lightweight composite material of the femur component102 or tibia component 104.

One embodiment provides that the upper stabilization bar 106 and lowerstabilization bar 108 are linearly adjustable in relation to thecomponents 102, 104. The stabilization bars 106, 108 are provided withbar adjustment slots 113 at their distal ends 120, 122. The slots 113are sized to be smaller than the head of the adjustment screws 112, 114so that tightening of the screws 112, 114 cause the heads to compressthe stabilization bars 106, 108 against the components 102, 104preventing the stabilization bars 106, 108 from moving in relation tothe components 102, 104. In the embodiment illustrated, the adjustmentscrews 112, 114 are thumbscrews but they can be any type of fastenerthat can be tightened including, wingnuts, nuts, ratchets, screws, etc.

Other embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 3, can incorporate separateopenings 118 that are evenly spaced longitudinally along thestabilization bars 106, 108. The openings can be sized to accept pins,screws, push-button adjustments, etc. The openings can be any shapeincluding round, square, triangular, etc.

In one embodiment, a tuberosity strap is provided as part of the presentinvention, and may be separate from, or coupled to a portion of theorthopedic brace and/or the external frame.

The proximal end 124 of the upper stabilization bar 106 engages with theproximal end 126 of the lower stabilization bar 108 and forms anorthopedic hinge assembly 110. The hinge assembly 110 maintains theanimal joint in a biomechanically natural state to support the jointwhile restraining the joint from harmful motions. In one embodiment, thehinge assembly 110 can be a full range of motion (ROM) hinge maintainingselective ranges of flexion and extension. Other embodiments canincorporate other hinges known in the art, for example, single pivothinges, dual pivot hinges, and veterinary TAMARACK FLEXURE JOINTS®. Thehinge assembly 110 can be designed so that it can be used in a lockedposition preventing any rotation or unlocked allowing limited to fullrotation.

The upper stabilization bar 106 and lower stabilization bar 108 can beconfigured so that the profile of the stabilization bars 106, 108 followthe contours of the animal's leg, as illustrated in FIG. 2. An alternateembodiment, shown in FIG. 3a , allows for the upper stabilization bar106 and lower stabilization bar 108 to be substantially flat. It iscontemplated that alternate configurations of upper stabilization bar106 and lower stabilization bar 108 can be incorporated, e.g., acontoured upper stabilization bar 106 paired with a flat lowerstabilization bar 108 or vice versa.

The brace 100 includes a closure system 116 having a mechanical reel 140and lace 142 to provide smooth, uniform closure of the brace 100 withlittle or no pressure points. Reel 140 comprises a tightening mechanism,and is preferably of the type available from Boa Technology, such asdescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,934,599, 6,202,953, 6,289,558, 7,950,112,7,954,204, 7,992,261, 8,091,182, and 8,277,401, the disclosures of whichare incorporated by reference herein. Alternatively, other fasteningmechanisms such as cord locks, cam cord locks, traditional lacing bows,ratchet lace systems, or other lacing or cabling methods may be used inplace of any of the closure systems described herein.

At least one closure system 116 can be provided for the femur component102 and at least one closure system 116 can be provided for the tibiacomponent 104. The mechanical reel 140 is attached to the appropriatecomponent 102, 104 at a convenient location. There are no restrictionsas to where the mechanical reel can be attached as long as the lace 142and the reel 140 are not impeded by other structures on the component102, 104. In one embodiment, the reel 140 is located on the posteriorside of the component 102, 104. In another embodiment, the reel 140 islocated on the side of the component 102, 104.

The mechanical reel allows for the lace 142 to be drawn in and tightenedby turning the mechanical reel 140. The mechanical wheel 140 allows forprecise tightening of the lace 142 in order to fine tune, and then lockin, the amount of compression provided to the leg by the brace 100. Thelace 142 can be, for example, steel, nylon or other non-stretchablematerial. A lace 142 constructed of steel or other suitable metalprovides superior resistance to chewing by the animal during theduration of wearing brace 100. The lace 142 is threaded through guides144 that are molded into or otherwise engaged with the lightweightcomposite material. In one embodiment, the guides 144 are a plurality ofnylon sleeves or loops. In another embodiment, the guides 144 can bemade of the lightweight composite material, plastic, metal or anothersuitable material and form a protrusion having an aperture that the lace142 is threaded through. The guides 144 are placed longitudinally alongthe component 102, 104 so that they are substantially parallel to eachother on either side of the u-shaped channel 130, 136. Alternately,guides 144 may be coupled to or otherwise included as one-half of a clipor buckle arrangement, wherein the other half of the clip or buckle issecured to brace 100. The closure system 116 allows for adjustability,to a micro level, to allow adjustment after initial fitment such as toaccommodate swelling and/or atrophy.

The mechanical wheel 140 can be designed so that its low profile ormaterial resists chewing. In another embodiment, the mechanical wheel140 can be covered with a cover 141 as is depicted in FIG. 4. The cover141, as shown, may comprise a conical shape, and is configured tocompletely cover the mechanical reel 140. Openings (not shown) areprovided at the outer edges of cover 141 allowing the laces 142 to passthrough unimpeded. The cover 141 can be manufactured from plastic ormetal so long as the profile of cover 141 is such that an animal bitingat the cover could not grip the cover between its teeth. In otherembodiments, the cover 141 can be a pyramid, or a partial spherical orovoid shape.

FIGS. 5 and 6 depict another embodiment of an animal orthopedic braceconfigured to support and stabilize the stifle joint of a canine. Wherethe features of this embodiment are comparable to the features of FIGS.1 and 2, the same reference numbers will be used. In addition, for thesake of brevity, description is only provided for those features of thisembodiment that are not provided in the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 1and 2.

As depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6, components of this embodiment of the brace100 include a customizable femur component 102, a customizable tibiacomponent 104, an upper stabilization bar 106, a lower stabilization bar108, a hinge 110, lower adjustment screws 112, upper adjustment screws114, a femur closure body system 150 and a tibia closure body system152. It is contemplated that the femur component 102 and the tibiacomponent 104 can be used in conjunction with each other or alone.

As similarly described above, the customizable femur component 102 andthe customizable tibia component 104 are each made of a lightweightcomposite material including an inner foam layer for comfort, a middlethermoformable polymer material, and an outer layer of durable fabric.In some embodiments, the outer layer can be manufactured of an unbrokenloop fabric which complements the hook fabric in a hook and loop typefastener. The customizable femur component 102 and the customizabletibia component 104 are each designed to substantially encompass thecircumference of the limb.

The femur component 102 is heated and molded to the upper thigh area ofthe canine's hind leg so it fits substantially around the circumferenceof the upper thigh leaving a longitudinal opening 128 at the front oranterior of the leg or alternately, at the rear or posterior of the leg.Thus, when formed, the femur component 102 forms a substantiallyu-shaped channel 130, as depicted in FIG. 5, where the ends 132 of theu-shaped channel 130 do not touch. In another embodiment, at least oneside of the outer surface 153 of the femur component 102 is providedwith the loop portion of a hook and loop closure 154 (e.g. VELCRO® Brandhook and loop closures) along its length. In another embodiment, bothouter surfaces 153 of the femur component 102 are provided with the loopportion of a hook and loop closure 154 along their lengths.

The tibia component 104 is heated and molded to the lower thigh area ofthe canine's rear leg so it fits substantially around the circumferenceof the lower thigh leaving a longitudinal opening 134 at the front oranterior of the leg or alternately, at the rear or posterior of the leg.Thus, when formed, the tibia component 104 forms a substantiallyu-shaped channel 136, as depicted in FIG. 3, where the ends 138 of theu-shaped channel 136 do not touch. In another embodiment, at least oneside of the outer surface 155 of the tibia component 102 is providedwith the loop portion of a hook and loop closure 154 (e.g. VELCRO brandhook and loop closures) along at least a substantial portion of itslength. In another embodiment, both outer surfaces 155 of the tibiacomponent 104 are provided with the loop portion of a hook and loopclosure 154 along their lengths.

The brace 100 is provided with a femur closure body system 150 and atibia closure body system 152, as detailed in FIG. 7. The closure body156 of the closure body system 150, 152 can be made of the samelightweight composite material as the component 102, 104 and is heatedand subsequently formed to the appropriate portion of the animals limb.Alternatively, the closure body 156 can be provided so that it has apreformed u-shaped channel along its length. Alternatively, the closurebody 156 can be made of another flexible material that can be shaped.The closure body 156 is sized so that when placed on the limb of theanimal, it fits partially around the circumference of the animals limb.As illustrated, a plurality of guides 158 are located on the closurebody 156 and are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis160 of the closure body 156. The profile of one or more of body 156,components 102, 103 and 104 may include reliefs or cutouts to provideclearance around joints, as depicted in FIGS. 2b-2d , and 5-7.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the component 102, 104 having a closure system150, 152 in the closed and open positions, respectively. As illustratedin FIG. 8, when closed, the closure body 156 preferably sits on theanimals limb so that when the component 102, 104 is positioned, the ends132, 138 of the u-shaped channel 130, 136 overlap the closure body 156sandwiching the closure body 156 between the ends 132, 138 of theu-shaped channel 130, 136 and the animals limb. Thus, the outer surface168 of the closure body 156 slidably engages with the inner surface 166of the component 102, 104.

The closure system 150, 152 has a first wing 162 made from the hookportion of a hook and loop woven material and a second wing 164 madefrom either woven material or the hook portion of a hook and loop wovenmaterial. Alternatively, more than two wings can be provided. The wings162, 164 are provided with a plurality of guides 165 that are placedlinearly along the length of the wings 162, 164 either on the edge ofthe wing 162, 164 or on the topside of the wing 162, 164. In oneembodiment, the guides 165 are a plurality of nylon sleeves. In anotherembodiment, the guides 165 are a plurality of loops made from a wovenmaterial.

The hook material of the bottom side of the first wing 162 complementsthe unbroken loop fabric covering the brace. In another embodiment, thehook material of the bottom side of the first wing 162 complements theloop portion of the hook and loop closure 154 provided on the at leastone outer side 153, 155 of the component 102, 104 thereby providingadhesion with the material on the at least one outer side 153, 155 ofthe component 102, 104. Thus, the wing 162 is adhered with the component102, 104 surface opposite that of the animals limb. One advantage inproviding a hook and loop closure is that the closure system 150, 152can be detached from at least one side of the component 102, 104allowing for easy insertion or removal of the animals limb into or outof the component 102, 104.

The second wing 164 can be made of a woven material. As depicted in FIG.9, the woven material of the second wing 164 can be fixedly attached tothe outer side 153, 155 of the component 102, 104 so that the wing 164is on the component 102, 104 surface opposite that of the animals limb.Attachment can be by any manner that permanently attaches the wovenmaterial to the component 102, 104, for example, by adhesives, sewing,rivets, etc. Alternatively, the second wing 164 can be comprised of thehook of the hook and loop woven material and can be detachably connectedto the unbroken loop fabric covering the component 102, 104 surface. Inanother embodiment, the hook provides adhesion to the loop portion of ahook and loop closure 154 provided on the at least one outer side 153,155 of the component 102, 104 so that the wing 164 adheres with thecomponent 102, 104 surface opposite that of the animals limb.

The closure body system 150, 152 further comprises a closure system 116having a mechanical reel 140 and lace 142 to provide smooth, evenclosure of the brace 100 with no pressure points. Reel 140 is preferablyof the type available from Boa Technology, such as described in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,934,599, 6,202,953, 6,289,558, 7,950,112, 7,954,204,7,992,261, and 8,091,182, the disclosures of which are incorporated byreference herein. Alternatively, other fastening mechanisms such as cordlocks, cam cord locks, traditional lacing bows, ratchet lace systems, orother lacing methods may be used in place of any of the closure systemsdescribed herein.

At least one closure body system 150, 152 can be provided for the femurcomponent 102 and at least one closure body system 150,152 can beprovided for the tibia component 104. The mechanical reel 140 isattached to the appropriate component 102, 104 or alternatively to theclosure body system 150, 152 wing 162, 164 or closure body 156. The lace142 is threaded through the channels 158 and the guides 165 of the wings162, 164 so that they are able to be drawn in and tightened by turningthe mechanical reel 140. The mechanical wheel 140 allows for precisetightening of the lace 142 in order to fine tune, and then lock in, theamount of compression provided to the leg by the brace 100. The lace 142can be steel, nylon or other non-stretchable material. A lace 142constructed of steel or other suitable metal provides superiorresistance to chewing by the animal during the duration of wearing brace100.

The mechanical wheel 140 can be designed so that its low profile ormaterial resists chewing. In another embodiment, the mechanical wheel140 can be covered with a cover 141 as is depicted in FIG. 4. The cover141, as shown, may comprise a conical shape, and is configured tocompletely cover the mechanical reel 140. Openings (not shown) areprovided at the outer edges of cover 141 allowing the laces 142 to passthrough unimpeded. The cover 141 can be manufactured from plastic ormetal so long as the profile of cover 141 is such that an animal bitingat the cover could not grip the cover between its teeth. In otherembodiments, the cover 141 can be a pyramid, or a partial spherical orovoid shape. In embodiments where reel 140 is located on closure body156, the profile of component 102, 104 may be relieved or scalloped forclearance as necessary to allow sufficient tightening of brace 100.

In another embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 2b , a hock component 103 isprovided. The hock component 103, as illustrated, is provided with abody closure system but the hock component 103 can also be provided andused without a body closure system.

The hock component 103 can be used as part of the brace system 101, usedalone, or used in combination with only the tibia component 104.Attached to the hock component 103 is a secondary upper stabilizationbar 107, a secondary lower stabilization bar 109, a secondary hinge 111,secondary lower adjustment screws 117, secondary upper adjustment screws115, and a closure system 116. The brace 101 can also feature anoptional paw cover 200 attached to the hock component 103. The hockcomponent 103 can be provided in alternate standard sizes.

According to various embodiments, the braces described herein areconfigured to be modular, such that various combinations of component102, component 104, component 103 and paw cover 200 may be utilized asdesired for to treat different injuries. For example, to treat ametatarsal or metacarpal injury, a single component 103 may be provided.To provide additional immobilization to the limb, for example to treatan Achilles injury or an elbow injury, component 104 and stabilizationbars may be added to component 103. To provide further immobilization,for example to treat a cranial cruciate ligament injury, component 102and stabilization bars may be added to component 104 and component 103.

The hock component 103 is made of a composite material of the typedescribed in U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2012/01011417 toJoseph, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein inits entirety. As described therein, the composite material generallyincludes an inner foam layer for comfort, a middle thermoformablepolymer material, and an outer layer of durable fabric. In oneembodiment, the outer layer can be made of an unbroken loop material. Inanother embodiment, the hock component 103 is constructed of a materialsuch as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/836,660 toJoseph, filed Mar. 15, 2013 and titled “Foam Core Sandwich Splint,” thedisclosure of which has been incorporated by reference.

The hock component 103 is provided to a veterinarian pre-formed into ageneral u-shape and is of a specified length. The veterinarian heats thehock component 103, generally using a dry heat source, making thematerial malleable and able to be further custom formed to the animalslimb, in the veterinarian's office. Heating can be accomplished using,for example, ovens, convection ovens, radiant lamp heat sources,infrared heaters, microwave ovens, self heating pouches, internalheating system built into the material, or exothermic heating source. Inaddition, wet heat can be used, for example, immersion of the materialinto hot water.

While the material is hot and malleable, the veterinarian places thematerial on the limb below the hock joint and above the paw and formsthe material around the limb to obtain a precise custom fit. As thematerial cools, the material becomes rigid and retains the shape of thelimb. An advantage of using the composite material is that the hockcomponent 103 can be molded and custom fitted in the veterinarian'soffice without the need to make a casting or send the hock component 103to an outside laboratory. Another advantage is that due to the dryheating methods the hock component 103 can be applied immediately aftersurgery versus a cast or other splint that may require wetting in orderto form it thus introducing moisture to the incision area.

The veterinarian chooses the material based on the size of the animal sothat the material, when formed, fits substantially around thecircumference of the limb leaving a longitudinal opening 148 at thefront or anterior of the limb. Thus, when formed, the hock component 103forms a substantially u-shaped channel 145, where the ends 146 of theu-shaped channel 145 do not touch. The opening 148 allows for easyplacement and removal of the hock component 103 since the ends 146 ofthe u-shaped channel 145, though rigid, can be easily spread apart inorder to place the limb into the u-shaped channel 145 between the ends146 of the u-shaped channel 145. In an alternate embodiment, the hockcomponent 103 can be formed such that the longitudinal opening 148 canbe located at the posterior or rear of the limb.

In another embodiment, the hock component 103 is molded so that the ends146 of the u-shaped channel 145 overlap when formed to the limb.

As depicted in FIG. 2b , an external frame provides connectivity betweenthe hock component 103 and the tibia component 104. The external framehas a secondary upper stabilization bar 107 attached to the tibiacomponent 104 and a secondary lower stabilization bar 109 attached tothe hock component 103. The stabilization bars 107, 109 can be designedto be linearly adjustable in relation to the tibia component 104 and thehock component 103. Alternatively, the stabilization bars 107, 109 canbe designed to be non-adjustable in relation to the tibia component 104and the hock component 103. Attachment of the stabilization bars 107,109 to the components 103, 104 can be made as depicted in the embodimentof FIG. 2b with the use of adjustment screws 115, 117 and threadedreceivers that are molded into or otherwise engaged with the lightweightcomposite material. Other embodiments contemplate other methods ofattaching the stabilization bars 107, 109 to the components 103, 104including other known fasteners such as nuts, bolts, rivets, pins,retaining rings, clips, etc. Other embodiments contemplate thatattachment of the stabilization bar 107, 109 to the lightweightcomposite material of the hock component 103 or tibia component 104 canbe made by the use of crimping, gluing, soldering, cementing, adhesives,etc. or incorporation of the stabilization bar 107, 109 into thelightweight composite material of the hock component 103 or tibiacomponent 104.

One embodiment provides that the upper stabilization bar 107 and lowerstabilization bar 109 are linearly adjustable in relation to thecomponents 103, 104 via bar adjustment slots 121 at their distal ends123, 125. The slots 121 are sized to be smaller than the head of theadjustment screws 115, 117 so that tightening of the screws 115, 117cause the heads to compress the stabilization bars 107, 109 against thecomponents 103, 104 preventing the stabilization bars 107, 109 frommoving in relation to the components 103, 104. In the embodimentillustrated, the adjustment screws 115, 117 are thumbscrews but they canbe any type of fastener that can be tightened including, wingnuts, nuts,ratchets, screws, etc.

Other embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 3, can incorporate separateopenings 118 in the stabilization bars 107, 109 that are longitudinallyevenly spaced. The openings 118 can be sized to accept pins, screws,push-button adjustments, etc. The openings 118 can be any shapeincluding round, square, triangular, etc.

The proximal end 127 of the secondary upper stabilization bar 107engages with the proximal end 129 of the secondary lower stabilizationbar 109 and forms an orthopedic hinge assembly 111. In one embodiment,the hinge assembly 111 can be a full range of motion (ROM) hingemaintaining selective ranges of flexion and extension. Other embodimentscan incorporate other hinges known in the art, for example, single pivothinges, dual pivot hinges, and veterinary TAMARACK FLEXURE JOINTS®. Thehinge assembly 111 can be designed so that it can be used in a lockedposition preventing any rotation or unlocked allowing limited to fullrotation.

The upper stabilization bar 107 and lower stabilization bar 109 can beconfigured so that the profile of the stabilization bars 107, 109 followthe contours of the animal's leg. An alternate embodiment allows for theupper stabilization bar 107 and lower stabilization bar 109 to besubstantially flat. It is contemplated that alternate configurations ofupper stabilization bar 107 and lower stabilization bar 109 can beincorporated, e.g., a contoured upper stabilization bar 107 paired witha flat lower stabilization bar 109 or vice versa.

The closure system 116 has a mechanical reel 140 and lace 142 to providesmooth, even closure of the hock component 103 with no pressure points.Reel 140 is preferably of the type available from Boa Technology, suchas described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,934,599, 6,202,953, 6,289,558,7,950,112, 7,954,204, 7,992,261, and 8,091,182, the disclosures of whichare incorporated by reference herein. Alternatively, other fasteningmechanisms such as cord locks, cam cord locks, traditional lacing bows,ratchet lace systems, or other lacing methods may be used in place ofany of the closure systems described herein.

At least one closure system 116 can be provided for the hock component103. The mechanical reel 140 is attached to the hock component 103 at aconvenient location. There are no restrictions as to where themechanical reel can be attached as long as the lace 142 and the reel 140are not impeded by other structures on the hock component 103. In oneembodiment, the reel 140 is located on the posterior side of the hockcomponent 103. In another embodiment, the reel 140 is located on theside of the hock component 103. In another embodiment, reel 140 islocation on the anterior side.

The mechanical reel allows for the lace 142 to be drawn in and tightenedby turning the mechanical reel 140. The mechanical wheel 140 allows forprecise tightening of the lace 142 in order to fine tune, and then lockin, the amount of compression provided to the leg by the hock component103. The lace 142 can be, for example, steel, nylon or othernon-stretchable material. A lace 142 constructed of steel or othersuitable metal provides superior resistance to chewing by the animalduring the duration of wearing the hock component 103. The lace 142 isthreaded through guides 166 that are molded into or otherwise engagedwith the lightweight composite material. In one embodiment, the guides166 are a plurality of nylon sleeves or loops. In another embodiment,the guides 166 can be made of the lightweight composite material,plastic, metal or another suitable material and form a protrusion havingan aperture that the lace 142 is threaded through. In some embodiments,the guides 166 are placed longitudinally along the hock component 103 sothat they are substantially parallel to each other on either side of theu-shaped channel 145.

The mechanical wheel 140 can be designed so that its low profile ormaterial resists chewing. In another embodiment, the mechanical wheel140 can be covered with a cover 141 as is depicted in FIG. 4. The cover141, as shown, may comprise a conical shape, and is configured tocompletely cover the mechanical reel 140. Openings (not shown) areprovided at the outer edges of cover 141 allowing the laces 142 to passthrough unimpeded. The cover 141 can be manufactured from plastic ormetal so long as the profile of cover 141 is such that an animal bitingat the cover could not grip the cover between its teeth. In otherembodiments, the cover 141 can be a pyramid, or a partial spherical orovoid shape.

In another embodiment, the hock component 103 is provided with a closurebody system 151 as is described above in relation to the femur component102 and the tibia component 103. For brevity sake, the closure bodysystem 151 is formed and fitted identically to the closure body systems150, 152 described above but in relation to the hock component 103, thusthe same reference numbers will be used.

The closure body 156 of the closure body system 151 can be made of thesame lightweight composite material as the component 103 and is heatedand subsequently formed to the appropriate portion of the animals limb.Alternatively, the closure body 156 can be provided so that it has apreformed u-shaped channel along its length. Alternatively, the closurebody 156 can be made of another flexible material that can be shaped.The closure body 156 is sized so that when placed on the limb of theanimal, it fits partially around the circumference of the animals limb.In one embodiment, a plurality of guides 158 may be located on theclosure body 156 and are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinalaxis 160 of the closure body 156.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the component 103 having a closure system 151in the closed and open positions, respectively. As illustrated in FIG.8, when closed, the closure body 156 preferably sits on the animals limbso that when the component 103 is positioned, the ends 146 of theu-shaped channel 145 overlap the closure body 156 sandwiching theclosure body 156 between the ends 146 of the u-shaped channel 145 andthe animals limb. Thus, the outer surface 168 of the closure body 156slidably engages with the inner surface 166 of the component 103.

The closure system 151 has a first wing 162 made from the hook portionof a hook and loop woven material and a second wing 164 made from eitherwoven material or the hook portion of a hook and loop woven material.Alternatively, more than two wings can be provided. The wings 162, 164are provided with a plurality of guides 165 that are placed linearlyalong the length of the wings 162, 164 either on the edge of the wing162, 164 or on the topside of the wing 162, 164. In one embodiment, theguides 165 are a plurality of nylon sleeves. In another embodiment, theguides 165 are a plurality of loops made from a woven material.

The hook material of the bottom side of the first wing 162 complementsthe unbroken loop fabric covering the brace. In another embodiment, thehook material of the bottom side of the first wing 162 complements theloop portion of the hook and loop closure 154 provided on the at leastone outer side of the component 103 thereby providing adhesion with thematerial on the at least one outer side of the component 103. Thus, thewing 162 is adhered with the component 103 surface opposite that of theanimals limb. One advantage in providing a hook and loop closure is thatthe closure system 151 can be detached from at least one side of thecomponent 103 allowing for easy insertion or removal of the animals limbinto or out of the component 103.

The second wing 164 can be made of a woven material. As depicted in FIG.9, the woven material of the second wing 164 can be fixedly attached tothe outer side of the component 103 so that the wing 164 is on thecomponent 103 surface opposite that of the animals limb. Attachment canbe by any manner that permanently attaches the woven material to thecomponent 103, for example, by adhesives, sewing, rivets, etc.Alternatively, the second wing 164 can be comprised of the hook of thehook and loop woven material and can be detachably connected to theunbroken loop fabric covering the component 103 surface. In anotherembodiment, the hook provides adhesion to the loop portion of a hook andloop closure 154 provided on the at least one outer side of thecomponent 103 so that the wing 164 adheres with the component 103surface opposite that of the animals limb.

The closure body system 151 further comprises a closure system 116having a mechanical reel 140 and lace 142 to provide smooth, evenclosure of the brace 100 with no pressure points. Reel 140 is preferablyof the type available from Boa Technology, such as described in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,934,599, 6,202,953, 6,289,558, 7,950,112, 7,954,204,7,992,261, and 8,091,182, the disclosures of which are incorporated byreference herein. Alternatively, other fastening mechanisms such as cordlocks, cam cord locks, traditional lacing bows, ratchet lace systems, orother lacing methods may be used in place of any of the closure systemsdescribed herein.

At least one closure body system 151 can be provided for the hockcomponent 103. The mechanical reel 140 is attached to the hock component103 or alternatively to the closure body system 151 wing 162, 164 orclosure body 156. The lace 142 is threaded through the optional channels158 and the guides 165 of the wings 162, 164 so that they are able to bedrawn in and tightened by turning the mechanical reel 140. Themechanical wheel 140 allows for precise tightening of the lace 142 inorder to fine tune, and then lock in, the amount of compression providedto the leg by the brace 100. The lace 142 can be steel, nylon or othernon-stretchable material. A lace 142 constructed of steel or othersuitable metal provides superior resistance to chewing by the animalduring the duration of wearing brace 100.

The mechanical wheel 140 can be designed so that its low profile ormaterial resists chewing. In another embodiment, the mechanical wheel140 can be covered with a cover 141 as is depicted in FIG. 4. The cover141, as shown, may comprise a conical shape, and is configured tocompletely cover the mechanical reel 140. Openings (not shown) areprovided at the outer edges of cover 141 allowing the laces 142 to passthrough unimpeded. The cover 141 can be manufactured from plastic ormetal so long as the profile of cover 141 is such that an animal bitingat the cover could not grip the cover between its teeth. In otherembodiments, the cover 141 can be a pyramid, or a partial spherical orovoid shape.

In one embodiment, a paw cover 200 can be provided and attached to thehock component 103. The paw cover 200 is provided in a variety of sizesand can be selected to conform generally to the size of the paw. Asdepicted in FIGS. 16 and 17, the paw cover 200 can be pre-formed into ageneral u-shape providing a natural stance for the paw of a canine. Thepaw cover 200 can be made of a lightweight composite material includingat least one layer of thermoformable material. The paw cover 200 issized such that the distal end 202 ends below the hind foot hock or theforefoot wrist of the canine. The proximal end 204 of the paw cover 200is located near or at the end of the canine's foot. The paw cover 200can be provided with an adjustment slot 206 extending longitudinallyfrom the distal end 202. The adjustment slot 206 is provided to attachthe paw cover 200 to the hock component 103 as depicted in FIG. 2b . Thehock component 103 can be provided with at least two adjustment screwslocated on its posterior (not shown). The paw cover 200 is disposed sothat the shaft or threaded portion of the adjustment screws reside inthe adjustment slot 206 so that when tightened, paw cover is sandwichedbetween the head of the adjustment screw and the hock component 103 thusfixedly attaching the paw cover 200 to the hock component 103.

In another embodiment, separate adjustment openings (not shown) can beprovided in the paw cover 200. The separate openings can be evenlyspaced longitudinally along the paw cover 200 posterior. The openingscan be sized to accept pins, screws, push-button adjustments, etc. Theopenings can be any shape including round, square, triangular, etc.

In another embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 13, a formed splint 170 isprovided that includes a semi-customizable first splint component 171and a closure system 116 attachable in any position and adjustable asdesired, allowing customizable, universal fitment for a variety of uses.The formed splint 170 is provided in alternate standard sizes. It isunderstood that the splint 170 can be configured to be incorporated intothe brace 100 system as described above.

The semi-customizable first splint component 171 is made of a compositematerial of the type described in U.S. Published Patent Application No.2012/01011417 to Joseph, the disclosure of which is incorporated byreference herein in its entirety. As described therein, the compositematerial generally includes an inner foam layer for comfort, a middlethermoformable polymer material, and an outer layer of durable fabric.In another embodiment, the semi-customizable first splint component 171is constructed of a material such as described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/836,660 to Joseph, filed Mar. 15, 2013 andtitled “Foam Core Sandwich Splint,” the disclosure of which has beenincorporated by reference.

The first splint component 171 is provided to a veterinarian pre-formedinto a general u-shape and is of a specified length. The veterinarianheats the first splint component 171, generally using a dry heat source,making the material malleable and able to be further custom formed tothe animals limb, in the veterinarian's office. Heating can beaccomplished using, for example, ovens, convection ovens, radiant lampheat sources, infrared heaters, microwave ovens, self heating pouches,internal heating system built into the material, or exothermic heatingsource. In addition, wet heat can be used, for example, immersion of thematerial into hot water.

While the material is hot and malleable, the veterinarian places thematerial on the appropriate area of the animals limb and forms thematerial around the limb to obtain a precise custom fit. As the materialcools, the material becomes rigid and retains the shape of the limb. Anadvantage of using the composite material is that the first splintcomponent 171 can be molded and custom fitted in the veterinarian'soffice without the need to make a casting or send the first splintcomponent 171 to an outside laboratory. Another advantage is that due tothe dry heating methods the splint can be applied immediately aftersurgery versus a cast or other splint that may require wetting in orderto form it thus introducing moisture to the incision area.

The veterinarian chooses the material based on the size of the animal sothat the material, when formed, fits substantially around thecircumference of the limb leaving a longitudinal opening 176 at thefront or anterior of the limb. Thus, when formed, the first splintcomponent 171 forms a substantially u-shaped channel 172, where the ends174 of the u-shaped channel 172 do not touch. The opening 176 allows foreasy placement and removal of the first splint component 171 since theends 174 of the u-shaped channel 172, though rigid, can be easily spreadapart in order to place the limb into the u-shaped channel 172 betweenthe ends 174 of the u-shaped channel 172. In an alternate embodiment,the first splint component 171 can be formed such that the longitudinalopening 176 can be located at the posterior or rear of the limb.

In another embodiment, the first splint component 171 is molded so thatthe ends 174 of the u-shaped channel 172 overlap when formed to thelimb.

A second splint component 178, as depicted in FIG. 14, is provided thatpartially encompasses the circumference of the limb and is comparable inlength to the length of the first splint component 171. As depicted, thesecond splint component 178 is worn so that when the first splintcomponent 171 is placed in position, the ends 174 of the u-shapedchannel 172 overlap the ends of the second splint component 178longitudinally. The second splint component 178 is thus partiallysandwiched between the limb and the first splint component 171. Thus,the outer surface 179 of the second splint component 178 slidablyengages with the inner surface 173 of the first splint component 171.

The second splint component 178 is made of a composite material of thetype described in U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2012/01011417 toJoseph, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein inits entirety. As described therein, the composite material generallyincludes an inner foam layer for comfort, a middle thermoformablepolymer material, and an outer layer of durable fabric. In anotherembodiment, the customizable second splint component 178 is constructedof a material such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/836,660 to Joseph, filed Mar. 15, 2013 and titled “Foam Core SandwichSplint,” the disclosure of which has been incorporated by reference.

The formed splint 170 includes an attached closure system 116 having amechanical reel 140 and lace 142 to provide smooth, even closure of thebrace 100 with no pressure points. Reel 140 is preferably of the typeavailable from Boa Technology, such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,934,599, 6,202,953, 6,289,558, 7,950,112, 7,954,204, 7,992,261, and8,091,182, the disclosures of which are incorporated by referenceherein. Alternatively, other fastening mechanisms such as cord locks,cam cord locks, traditional lacing bows, ratchet lace systems, or otherlacing methods may be used in place of any of the closure systemsdescribed herein.

The closure system 116 uses a mechanical reel 140 and lace 142 toprovide smooth, even closure of the splint component 171 with nopressure points. At least one closure system 116 can be provided for thesplint 170. The mechanical reel 140 is attached to the posterior of thesplint component 171. Alternatively, the reel 140 can be attached to theside of the splint component 171. The mechanical reel allows for thelace 142 to be drawn in and tightened by turning the mechanical reel140. The mechanical wheel 140 allows for precise tightening of the lace142 in order to fine tune, and then lock in, the amount of compressionprovided to the limb by the splint component 171. The lace 142 can besteel, nylon or other non-stretchable material. A lace 142 constructedof steel or other suitable metal provides superior resistance to chewingby the animal during the duration of wearing brace 100. The lace 142 isthreaded through guides 144 that are molded into or otherwise engagedwith the composite material. In one embodiment, the guides 144 are aplurality of nylon sleeves or loops. In another embodiment, the guides144 can be made of the composite material, plastic, metal or anothersuitable material and form a protrusion having an aperture that the lace142 is threaded through. The guides 144 are placed longitudinally alongthe splint component 171 so that they are substantially parallel to eachother on either side of the u-shaped channel 172. The closure system 116allows for adjustability, to a micro level, to accommodate swellingand/or atrophy.

The mechanical wheel 140 can be designed so that its low profile ormaterial resists chewing. In another embodiment, the mechanical wheel140 can be covered with a cover 141 as is depicted in FIG. 4. The cover141, as shown, may comprise a conical shape, and is configured tocompletely cover the mechanical reel 140. Openings (not shown) areprovided at the outer edges of cover 141 allowing the laces 142 to passthrough unimpeded. The cover 141 can be manufactured from plastic ormetal so long as the profile of cover 141 is such that an animal bitingat the cover could not grip the cover between its teeth. In otherembodiments, the cover 141 can be a pyramid, or a partial spherical orovoid shape.

In one embodiment, lacing guides 194 can be provided on the secondsplint component 178, as is depicted in FIGS. 14 and 15. The guides 194are attached to the second splint component 178 thus providing a pathwayfor the lace 142. In an alternate embodiment, the second splintcomponent 178 is not provided with guides 194.

In another embodiment, a dual-valve splint-type brace is provided. Thedual-valve splint 180 as illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11 depicts anembodiment of an animal orthopedic splint configured to support andstabilize the limb of an animal. Where the features of this embodimentare comparable to the features of FIGS. 1 and 2, the same referencenumbers will be used. In addition, for the sake of brevity, descriptionis only provided for those features of this embodiment that are notprovided in the embodiment as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The dual-valve splint 180 can be applied as a prophylactic device toprevent or reduce the severity of an injury, as a rehabilitative deviceto support and stabilize a limb while restricting motion, or as afunctional device to provide stability for long term support andfunction. The dual-valve splint 180 is generally comprised of a firstsplint component (or valve) 181, a second splint component (or valve)188, and a removable tensioning system (as depicted in FIG. 12). Thedual-valve splint 180 may be provided in the form of a kit, includingone or more sheets of composite material, at least one universalremovable tensioning system, and optionally a set of instructions foruse to create a splint from the materials of the kit. The instructionsmay be provided as part of the kit, or indications may be providedlinking a user to electronically accessible instructions. Alternately,dual-valve splint 180 may be provided in the form of various pre-sizedsheets of composite material, at least one universal removabletensioning system, and optionally instructions for use to create asplint from the materials of the kit.

The customizable first splint component 181 is made of a compositematerial of the type described in U.S. Published Patent Application No.2012/01011417 to Joseph, the disclosure of which is incorporated byreference herein in its entirety. As described therein, the compositematerial generally includes an inner foam layer for comfort, a middlethermoformable polymer material, and an outer layer of durable fabric.The inner foam layer can be replaceable. In another embodiment, thecustomizable first splint component 181 is constructed of a materialsuch as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/836,660 toJoseph, filed Mar. 15, 2013 and titled “Foam Core Sandwich Splint,” thedisclosure of which has been incorporated by reference.

The first splint component 181 can be provided to a veterinarian as aflat sheet, or pre-formed into a general u-shape. The veterinarian heatsthe first splint component 181, generally using a dry heat source,making the material malleable and able to be further custom formed tothe animals limb, in the veterinarian's office. Heating can beaccomplished using, for example, ovens, convection ovens, radiant lampheat sources, infrared heaters, microwave ovens, self heating pouches,internal heating system built into the material, or exothermic heatingsource. In addition, wet heat can be used, for example, immersion of thematerial into hot water.

While the material is hot and malleable, the veterinarian places thematerial on the appropriate area of the animals limb and forms thematerial around the limb to obtain a precise custom fit. In addition,prior to heating or after heating, the material can be trimmed asnecessary to custom form the material as necessary, e.g., leave incisionsites uncovered or form to provide an angular configuration. As thematerial cools, the material becomes rigid and retains the shape of thelimb. An advantage of using the composite material is that the firstsplint component 181 can be molded and custom fitted in theveterinarian's office without the need to make a casting or send thefirst splint component 181 to an outside laboratory. Another advantageis that due to the dry heating methods the splint can be appliedimmediately after surgery versus a cast or other splint that may requirewetting in order to form it thus introducing moisture to the incisionarea.

The veterinarian chooses the material based on the size of the animal sothat the material, when formed, fits substantially around thecircumference of the limb leaving a longitudinal opening 186 at thefront or anterior of the limb. Thus, when formed, the first splintcomponent 181 forms a substantially u-shaped channel 182, as depicted inFIG. 10, where the ends 184 of the u-shaped channel 182 do not touch.The opening 186 allows for easy placement and removal of the firstsplint component 181 since the ends 184 of the u-shaped channel 182,though rigid, can be easily spread apart in order to place the limb intothe u-shaped channel 182 between the ends 184 of the u-shaped channel182. In an alternate embodiment, the first splint component 181 can beformed such that the longitudinal opening 186 can be located at theposterior or rear of the limb.

In another embodiment, the first splint component 181 is molded so thatthe ends 184 of the u-shaped channel 182 overlap when formed to thelimb.

A second splint component 188, as depicted in FIG. 11, can be providedthat partially encompasses the circumference of the limb and is cut tobe comparable in length to the length of the first splint component 181.As depicted, the second splint component 188 is worn so that when thefirst splint component 181 is placed in position, the ends 184 of theu-shaped channel 182 overlap the ends of the second splint component 188longitudinally. The second splint component 188 is thus partiallysandwiched between the limb and the first splint component 181. Thus,the outer surface 189 of the second splint component 188 slidablyengages with the inner surface 183 of the first splint component 181.

The second splint component 188 is made of a composite material of thetype described in U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2012/01011417 toJoseph, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein inits entirety. As described therein, the composite material generallyincludes an inner foam layer for comfort, a middle thermoformablepolymer material, and an outer layer of durable fabric. The outer fabricis comprised of an unbroken loop fabric. The inner foam layer can bereplaceable. In another embodiment, the customizable second splintcomponent 188 is constructed of a material such as described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/836,660 to Joseph, filed Mar. 15, 2013and titled “Foam Core Sandwich Splint,” the disclosure of which has beenincorporated by reference.

The dual-valve splint 180 can be provided with a detachable tensioningsystem 190, as illustrated in FIG. 12. The dual-valve splint 180 is notprovided with a closure system 116 integral to the dual-valve splint 180but instead is provided with a tensioning system 190 that is removablyattached after forming the dual-valve splint 180 to the limb. Thetensioning system 190 uses a mechanical reel 140 and lace 142 to providesmooth, even closure of the splint 180 with no pressure points. Reel 140is preferably of the type available from Boa Technology, such asdescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,934,599, 6,202,953, 6,289,558, 7,950,112,7,954,204, 7,992,261, and 8,091,182, the disclosures of which areincorporated by reference herein. Alternatively, other fasteningmechanisms such as cord locks, cam cord locks, traditional lacing bows,ratchet lace systems, or other lacing methods may be used in place ofany of the closure systems described herein.

The tensioning system 190 has a plurality of wings 192, the pluralitybeing one up to whatever number the veterinarian deems appropriate. Thewings 192 are made from either the hook portion of a hook and loop wovenmaterial and can be rectangular in shape. In other embodiments, theshape of the wings 192 can be circular, square, triangular or acombination thereof. One edge portion of the wing 192 is provided with aguide 196 that is placed linearly along the edge of the wing 192. Theguide 196 is encompassed as part of the wing 192 material.

As noted, the wing 192 is comprised of the hook portion of the hook andloop woven material. This hook complements the material of the outersurface of the first splint component 181 so the wing is removablyattached to the outer surface of the first splint component 181. Oneadvantage in providing a hook and loop closure is that the tensioningsystem 190 can be detached from the first splint component 181 allowingfor easy insertion or removal of the animals limb into or out of thesplint 180. Another advantage is that based on the animal's anatomy, thetensioning system 190 can be placed wherever needed.

At least one tensioning system 190 can be provided for the dual-valvesplint 180. The mechanical reel 140 can be attached to a wing 192 oralternatively, the reel 140 can be removably attached via a hook andloop material to the body of the dual-valve splint 180. The lace 142 isthreaded through the wing guides 196 allowing the dual-valve splint 180to be drawn in and tightened by turning the mechanical reel 140. Themechanical wheel 140 allows for precise tightening of the lace 142 inorder to fine tune, and then lock in, the amount of compression providedto the limb by the dual-valve splint 180. The lace 142 can be steel,nylon or other non-stretchable material. A lace 142 constructed of steelor other suitable metal provides superior resistance to chewing by theanimal during the duration of wearing brace 100.

The tensioning system 190 allows for adjustability, to a micro level, toaccommodate swelling and/or atrophy.

The mechanical wheel 140 can be designed so that its low profile ormaterial resists chewing. In another embodiment, the mechanical wheel140 can be covered with a cover 141 as is depicted in FIG. 4. The cover141, as shown, may comprise a conical shape, and is configured tocompletely cover the mechanical reel 140. Openings (not shown) areprovided at the outer edges of cover 141 allowing the laces 142 to passthrough unimpeded. The cover 141 can be manufactured from plastic ormetal so long as the profile of cover 141 is such that an animal bitingat the cover could not grip the cover between its teeth. In otherembodiments, the cover 141 can be a pyramid, or a partial spherical orovoid shape.

In another embodiment, a basic splint is provided. The basic splint 220as illustrated in FIG. 18 depicts an embodiment of an animal orthopedicsplint configured to support and stabilize the limb of an animal. Thebasic splint 220 can be applied as a prophylactic device to prevent orreduce the severity of an injury, as a rehabilitative device to supportand stabilize a limb while restricting motion, or as a functional deviceto provide stability for long term support and function. The basicsplint 220 is made of a composite material of the type described in U.S.Published Patent Application No. 2012/01011417 to Joseph, the disclosureof which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Asdescribed therein, the composite material generally includes an innerfoam layer for comfort, a middle thermoformable polymer material, and anouter layer of durable fabric. The inner foam layer can be replaceable.In another embodiment, the basic splint 220 is constructed of a materialsuch as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/836,660 toJoseph, filed Mar. 15, 2013 and titled “Foam Core Sandwich Splint,” thedisclosure of which has been incorporated by reference.

The basic splint 220 can be provided to a veterinarian pre-formed into ageneral u-shape. The veterinarian heats the basic splint 220, generallyusing a dry heat source, making the material malleable and able to befurther custom formed to the animals limb, in the veterinarian's office.Heating can be accomplished using, for example, ovens, convection ovens,radiant lamp heat sources, infrared heaters, microwave ovens, selfheating pouches, internal heating system built into the material, orexothermic heating source. In addition, wet heat can be used, forexample, immersion of the material into hot water.

While the material is hot and malleable, the veterinarian places thematerial on the appropriate area of the animals limb and forms thematerial around the limb to obtain a precise custom fit. In addition,prior to heating or after heating, the material can be trimmed asnecessary to custom form the material as necessary, e.g., shorten thelength, leave incision sites uncovered or form to provide an angularconfiguration. As the material cools, the material becomes rigid andretains the shape of the limb. An advantage of using the compositematerial is that the basic splint 220 can be molded and custom fitted inthe veterinarian's office without the need to make a casting or send thebasic splint 220 to an outside laboratory. Another advantage is that dueto the dry heating methods the splint can be applied immediately aftersurgery versus a cast or other splint that may require wetting in orderto form it thus introducing moisture to the incision area.

The veterinarian chooses the material based on the size of the animal sothat the material, when formed, fits substantially around thecircumference of the limb leaving a longitudinal opening 222 at thefront or anterior of the limb. Thus, when formed, the basic splint 220forms a substantially u-shaped channel 224, as depicted in FIG. 18,where the ends 226 of the u-shaped channel 224 do not touch. The opening222 allows for easy placement and removal of the basic splint 220 sincethe ends 226 of the u-shaped channel 224, though rigid, can be easilyspread apart in order to place the limb into the u-shaped channel 224between the ends 226 of the u-shaped channel 224. In an alternateembodiment, the longitudinal opening 222 can be located at the posterioror rear of the limb.

In another embodiment, the basic splint 220 is molded so that the ends226 of the u-shaped channel 224 overlap when formed to the limb.

The base splint 220 can be circumferentially wrapped and tensioned asdesired using various known tensioning techniques, e.g., ACE Bandages,VELCRO straps, tape, etc.

Various modifications to the embodiments of the inventions may beapparent to one of skill in the art upon reading this disclosure. Forexample, persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognizethat the various features described for the different embodiments of theinventions can be suitably combined, un-combined, and re-combined withother features, alone, or in different combinations, within the spiritof the invention. Likewise, the various features described above shouldall be regarded as example embodiments, rather than limitations to thescope or spirit of the inventions. Therefore, the above is notcontemplated to limit the scope of the present inventions.

Persons of ordinary skill in the relevant arts will recognize that theinventions may comprise fewer features than illustrated in anyindividual embodiment described above. The embodiments described hereinare not meant to be an exhaustive presentation of the ways in which thevarious features of the inventions may be combined. Accordingly, theembodiments are not mutually exclusive combinations of features; rather,the inventions may comprise a combination of different individualfeatures selected from different individual embodiments, as understoodby persons of ordinary skill in the art.

Any incorporation by reference of documents above is limited such thatno subject matter is incorporated that is contrary to the explicitdisclosure herein. Any incorporation by reference of documents above isfurther limited such that no claims included in the documents areincorporated by reference herein. Any incorporation by reference ofdocuments above is yet further limited such that any definitionsprovided in the documents are not incorporated by reference hereinunless expressly included herein.

For purposes of interpreting the claims for the embodiments of thepresent inventions, it is expressly intended that the provisions ofSection 112, sixth paragraph of 35 U.S.C. are not to be invoked unlessthe specific terms “means for” or “step for” are recited in a claim.

1-19. (canceled)
 20. A brace comprising: a first component configured towrap at least partially circumferentially around a portion of a limb ofan animal, the first component comprising a u-shaped channel having afirst end and a second end; and a first closure system configured tocircumferentially tighten the first component around the portion of thelimb of the animal, the closure first system comprising: a first wingcomprising at least one guide, the first wing configured to releasablyattach to an outer surface of the first component proximal to the firstend, a second wing comprising at least one guide, the second wingattached to the outer surface of the first component proximal to thesecond end, a lace inserted through the at least one guide of the firstwing and the at least one guide of the second wing, and a tighteningmechanism actuable to tighten the lace.
 21. The brace of claim 20,wherein the second wing is configured to releasably attach to the outersurface of the first component.
 22. The brace of claim 20, furthercomprising a cover that substantially prevents the animal from accessingthe tightening mechanism.
 23. The brace of claim 22, wherein the covercomprises a conical, pyramidal, partially spherical, or partiallyovoidal shape.
 24. The brace of claim 20, further comprising a paw coverthat includes: a proximal end configured to extend below a hind foothock or a forefoot wrist of the animal and connect to the firstcomponent, and a distal end configured to be positioned below an end ofthe animal's foot.
 25. The brace of claim 24, wherein the paw covercomprises a u-shape configured to provide a natural stance for theanimal.
 26. The brace of claim 24, wherein the brace is configured suchthat a distance between the first component and the distal end of thepaw cover is adjustable.
 27. The brace of claim 26, wherein the proximalend of the paw cover includes a slot, and the first component includesan adjustment screw, and wherein the paw cover is disposed such that ashaft of the adjustment screw is positionable along the slot such that,when the adjustment screw is tightened, the proximal end of the pawcover is sandwiched between a head of the adjustment screw and the firstcomponent.
 28. The brace of claim 24, wherein the paw cover comprises apolymer layer that is thermoformable within a target temperature rangeand substantially rigid at temperature below 130 degrees Fahrenheit. 29.The brace of claim 20, further comprising: a second component configuredto wrap at least partially circumferentially around a second portion ofa limb of an animal, the second component comprising a u-shaped channelhaving a first end and a second end; a second closure system configuredto circumferentially tighten the second component around the secondportion of the limb of the animal, the second closure system comprising:a first wing comprising at least one guide, the first wing configured toreleasably attach to an outer surface of the second component proximalto the first end, a second wing comprising at least one guide, thesecond wing attached to the outer surface of the second componentproximal to the second end, a lace inserted through the at least oneguide of the first wing and the at least one guide of the second wing,and a tightening mechanism actuable to tighten the lace; and a hingeconnecting the first component and the second component.
 30. The braceof claim 29, further comprising: a third component configured to wrap atleast partially circumferentially around a third portion of a limb of ananimal, the third component comprising a u-shaped channel having a firstend and a second end; a third closure system configured tocircumferentially tighten the third component around the third portionof the limb of the animal, the third closure system comprising: a firstwing comprising at least one guide, the first wing configured toreleasably attach to an outer surface of the third component proximal tothe first end, a second wing comprising at least one guide, the secondwing attached to the outer surface of the third component proximal tothe second end, a lace inserted through the at least one guide of thefirst wing and the at least one guide of the second wing, and atightening mechanism actuable to tighten the lace; and a second hingeconnecting the second component and the third component.
 31. The braceof claim 30, wherein the first component is a hock component, the secondcomponent is a tibia component, and the third component is a femurcomponent.
 32. The brace of claim 30, wherein at least one of the firstcomponent, the second component, and the third component comprises acomposite material construction having: an outer layer configured toface away from the limb of the animal; and a polymer layer that isthermoformable within a target temperature range and substantially rigidat temperatures below 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
 33. The brace of claim 29,wherein the hinge is configured to allow adjustment of a distancebetween the first portion and the second portion.
 34. The brace of claim33, wherein the hinge comprises: an upper stabilization bar including anadjustment slot; and a lower stabilization bar including an adjustmentslot, the upper stabilization bar rotationally connected to the lowerstabilization bar, wherein the upper stabilization bar is connected tothe second portion by one or more fasteners extending through theadjustment slot in the upper stabilization bar, and the lowerstabilization bar is connected to the first portion by one or morefasteners extending through the adjustment slot in the lowerstabilization bar.
 35. The brace of claim 34, wherein at least one ofthe upper stabilization bar or the lower stabilization bar is configuredto follow the contours of the limb of the animal.
 36. The brace of claimThe brace of claim 30, wherein the second hinge is configured to allowadjustment of a distance between the second portion and the thirdportion.
 37. The brace of claim 36, wherein the hinge comprises: anupper stabilization bar including an adjustment slot; and a lowerstabilization bar including an adjustment slot, the upper stabilizationbar rotationally connected to the lower stabilization bar, wherein theupper stabilization bar is connected to the third portion by one or morefasteners extending through the adjustment slot in the upperstabilization bar, and the lower stabilization bar is connected to thesecond portion by one or more fasteners extending through the adjustmentslot in the lower stabilization bar.
 38. The brace of claim 37, whereinat least one of the upper stabilization bar or the lower stabilizationbar is configured to follow the contours of the limb of the animal. 39.The brace of claim 38, wherein the animal is a dog.